1) What is active directory?
Active directory authorizes and authenticates all
users and computers in a window domain network, ensuring the security of the
computer and software. Through active directory various functions can be
managed like creating admin users, connecting to printers or external hard
drives.
2) What is DHCP and what it is used for?
DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration
protocol. It is used to allocate IP addresses to a large number of the computer
system in a network. It helps in
managing the large number of IP’s very easily.
3) What is scope and super scope?
Scope consists of an IP address like gateway IP,
subnet mask, DNS server IP. It can be used to communicate with the other PCs in
the network. The superscope becomes when you combine two or more scopes
together.
4) What is DNS?
DNS mean Domain Naming Service and it is used for
resolving IP addresses to name and names to IP address. DNS is like a
translator for computers, computers understand the number and not the alphabet.
For example, if we type like hotmail.com, the computer don’t understand this so
they use DNS which converts (hotmail.com) into (numbers) and then executes the
command.
5) What is forward and reverse lookup in DNS?
When we convert IP address into names is called
Reverse lookup, while converting names into IP address is called Forward
lookup.
6) What is ‘A’ record and what is ‘MX record’?
‘A’ record is also known as host record, and it has
ability to map the IP address by name. It is with this record that DNS can find
out the IP address of a name. While, ‘MX record’ also known as mail exchanger
record, by the help of ‘MX’ record, location of the mail server is
identified. The record is also found in
DNS.
7) What is IPCONFIG command?
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP
information of the computer assigned like DNS IP address and gateway IP
address.
8) What would you use to connect two computers
without using switches?
Cross cables are used to connect two computers
without using switches.
9) What is a domain?
Domain is a set of computers which network
recognizes by the internet. It can be used by centrally administer computers.
It is created when you install active directory.
10) Tell me if your system is infected by a virus
how you will recover the data?
You need to re-install another system, latest
anti-virus software and an O.S with latest patches. Before you start your system, connect the
infected HDD as a secondary drive then scan and clean the infected hard drive.
Once done, you can copy the files into the system.
11) What is the operating system?
Operating system acts as an interpreter between
computer application and hardware. It
works as an user interface.
12) What are the types of operating system or O.S?
The two types of operating systems are:
NOS : Network Operating System. Examples of NOS-
Windows NT, 2000,2003
SOS : Simple Operating System. Examples of SOS –
Windows 95,98, ME
13) Explain about RAS server?
RAS means Remote Access Server. It allows operating the tool or information that
typically resides on a network or IT devices through combination of hardware
and software, for example connecting to printer or file. It is usually used for
mobile users who are in the network. It uses telephone line to provide
connectivity to its users. It can also connect two or more than two offices in
the network.
14) Explain about VPN server?
VPN means Virtual Private Network. It is a private
communications network often used by companies or organizations to communicate
confidentially over a public network.
This is used by the mobile users in the network.
15) What is the difference between RAS and VPN
server?
RAS is truly a local area connection between two
connections whereas, VPN is a local connection spread over large area.
16) What is
IAS server?
IAS means Internet Authentication Service. For many
types of network access like wireless, authenticating switch and remote access
dial-up they perform accounting and auditing, centralized connection
authentication and authorization.
17) What is Ping command?
Between two or more devices, to check the physical
IP connectivity Ping command is used.
18) What do you mean by clustering? What are the
benefits?
When one or more computers work together as a
single system by sharing their resources is known as clustering. The benefits of clustering are that it
reduces the load on one single system by sharing the load also it is used for
redundancy of the services.
19) What is a group?
Group is a collection of the user account. It
provides the simplified administration in the network.
20) What is a child domain?
A child domain is the member domain of Windows 2000
Active Directory.
21) What are the benefits of a child domain?
Benefits of child domain are:
Low network traffic
Low administrative overhead
Security boundary
22) What is OU?
OU means for Organizational Unit. It is a container
within Active Directory which can hold users, groups and computers. It is the smallest unit on which
administrator can assign group policy settings.
23) Explain group policy?
Group policy provides the stream line access to all
the users in the network, it can be used to define the users security and
networking policies. By group policy you
can keep control over certain function like not allowing the users to shut down
the system or using the control panel or running the command. Group policy is
applicable on active directory container like OU, site and Domain.
24) What is the difference between permission,
rights and policy?
“Policy” is assigned on active directory, like
site, domain and OU. The “Rights” are assign to users and groups, whereas, the
“Permission” is assigned for network resources like file, folders and printers.
25) What is DC and ADC stands for?
DC stands for domain controller and ADC stands for
additional domain controller.
ADC is a backup of domain controller. Domain
controller is a server that checks the security measures like user id,
password.
26) What is the difference between DC (Domain
controller) and ADC ( Additional Domain Controller)?
There is one difference between domain controller
and additional domain controller, on DC all five operational roles are
available while in ADC only three operational role is available.
27) What are the operational roles for DC (Domain
controller) and ADC ( Additional Domain Controller)?
Operational roles for DC (Domain controller) are:
Domain Naming Master
Schema Master
RID Master
PDC Emulator
Infrastructure Master
Operational roles for ADC (Additional Domain
Controller) are:
PDC Emulator
RID Master
Infrastructure Master
28) What is a “Default Gateway”?
Default gateway is the IP address of the router in
the network. In any case, if the users
wants to switch on to another network, or if they cannot locate their
particular network than their query will be forwarded to default gateway.
29) How you can take backup of emails in ms
outlook?
To take a back-up in the ms outlook, you have to go
in control panel. In control panel you have to go under mail option and then
open the data file, select personal folder and click on open folder. After
that, you have to copy .pst and have to paste it wherever you want the backup.
30) What is trusting domain and trusted domain?
In trusting domain resources are available, while
in trusted domain user’s account is available.
31) What is BUS speed?
The rate of communication speed between
microprocessor and RAM is known as BUS speed.
32) Name the Active Directory Partitions?
There are three types of active directory
partitions
Schema partition
Configuration partition
Domain partition
33) What is Fixboot?
Fixboot write a new partition boot sector on to the
system partition.
34) How many logical drive is it possible to fit on
to a physical disk?
The maximum number of the logical drive that can
fit on a physical disk is 24, while the extended partition can only have 23
logical drives.
35) What is B Router?
B router means Bridge router. To provide
communication between two or more different network like computer to computer
or computer to internet, B Router is used.
36) What is the major difference you can mention about
Gateway and Router?
Gateway works on different network architecture and
router works on same network architecture.
37) What is packet?
A packet is a logical grouping of information that
comprises a header which contains user data and location information.
38) What is SCSI?
SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It
is a standard electronic interface that allows personal computers to
communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape drives,
printers, CD-ROM drives. In “SCSI” the rate of data transmission is fast.
39) How many classes are there for “IP addresses”
and what are the ranges?
They are segregated into five classes
Class A
=== 0 -126 ( 127 is
reserved for loop back)
Class B
==== 128- 191
Class C
==== 192-223
Class D
==== 224-239
Class E
==== 240-255
40) Explain the term FIXMBR?
FIXMBR it is a repair tool. It repairs the Master
boot record of the Partition Boot Sector.
41) Explain the term SID?
SID stands for Security Identifier. Every computer object
has a unique ID which is known as SID.
42) What is the difference between incremental
backup and differential backup?
Differential backups will select only files that
are changed since the last backup.
Incremental backups will select only the data that
has changed since the last backup.
Example, On Sunday you do a backup of a 5 text file
each of 40 MB. Total backup size will be 200MB
On Monday you change 2 lines in just ONE of the
text file.
Under Differential backup, only the changed text
file will be backed up. Total backup size will be 40MB
Under Incremental backup, only the data
corresponding to the 2 lines will be backed up.
Total backup size will be just in bytes.
43) What is the difference between server OS and
desktop OS?
Server OS gives centralized administration for
users, shared resources and security while desktop OS gives access to only
local administration.
44) What is the difference between the MSI file and
.EXE file?
MSI (Microsoft Installer) allows install, uninstall
and repair the program with a single file, while .EXE file needs two files to
install and uninstall the software. Also,.EXE file is able to detect the
existing version of the software and give option to user to uninstall the
program while MSI will instruct the users to use the add and remove program in
control panel to remove the existing product first and then you can install the
new program.
45) What is BSOD? How do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of death. When there is
some fault in OS or hardware then Windows can’t run the program and gives a
blue screen with a code. To resolve this problem the best way is to reboot the
system. If it doesn’t work than boot the
system in the safe mode.
46) What is PTR (Program Troube Record) record?
This program record is used to check if the server
name is connected with the IP address, it is exactly opposite to the ‘A’
record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup zone, so it is also
known as Reverse DNS records or pointer record.
PTR record= Give me an IP address and I will give
you the name
‘A’ record= Give me the name and I will give you
the IP address
47) What is
reservation?
Basically, the term “Reservation” is used in DHCP
server. Some network equipment or computer system needs a specific IP address,
in such case we make a reservation in DHCP server for that particular computer
system. By creating reservation it gives
access to that particular IP address and at the same time prevents other computer
system to use that IP address.
48) What is SMTP server or POP server?
POP stands for post office protocol. It is
basically used for sending and receiving the mail.
SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. It
is used for mail receiving purpose in the network.
49) What is RIS and why you use RIS?
RIS stands for remote installation services. It is
used to install image from a Window server to a new hardware. We use RIS because installing OS every time
using a CD would be more time-consuming.
50) What is “Bootloader”?
Bootloader facilitates the loading of operating
system on the system. It enables the booting process and gives OS option to the
users while starting the system.